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TIGIT expression was considerably higher in advanced CRC than in early CRC. discovered that TIGIT expression level in tumor tissue was correlated with CRC recurrence and survival. TIGIT is overexpressed in many solid tumors, including in liver cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and melanoma. Similar to the classical immune checkpoint of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7.1/2 and CD226/TIGIT-CD155/CD112 are considered emerging pathways that precisely regulate T cell activation.
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Abnormally expressed TIGIT suppresses immune cells in multiple steps of the tumor immune cycle and promotes tumor immune escape to a great extent. TIGIT is expressed in various levels in various T cell subsets. Yu’s group was the first to determine the unique structure of TIGIT and explore its function. TIGIT is primarily expressed in T cells and natural killer cells.
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T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), also known as WUCAM, Vstm3, and VSIG9, is a newly discovered coinhibitory receptor belonging to the poliovirus receptor/nectin family. Identification of new biomarkers with the potential to predict the progress and prognosis of cancer has brought new hope for cancer patients. In recent years, with deepening of the understanding of tumor molecular mechanisms, many tumor markers have been identified, which can be used for tumor diagnosis and prognosis judgement. It is expected that by 2040, the global burden of cancer will reach 28.4 million cases, an increase of 47% compared with that in 2020. By 2020, there are estimated to be 19.29 million new cancer cases and 9.96 million deaths worldwide. The global burden of cancer morbidity and mortality is rapidly increasing. Patients with elevated TIGIT expression have a shorter OS and PFS, and TIGIT expression could be a novel biomarker for prognosis prediction and a valuable therapeutic target for solid tumors. TIGIT expression was associated with OS and PFS in patients with solid tumors. Funnel plots suggested no publication bias for OS ( ), and Egger’s test supported this conclusion ( ). In addition to cancer type, expression location, sample size, and different statistical analysis methods are also considered the possible causes of heterogeneity between studies. We performed subgroup analysis to explore the source of heterogeneity, colorectal cancer (, 95% CI, ), lung cancer (, 95% CI, ), esophageal cancer (, 95% CI, ), and other cancers (, 95% CI, ). High expression of TIGIT was a risk factor for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (, 95% CI, ). Increased expression of TIGIT was associated with poor prognosis. Our literature search identified eight papers comprising 1426 patients with solid tumors.
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The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of the literature, and Stata 16.0 and Engauge Digitizer 4.1 software were used for data analysis. We performed an online search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WOS), and MEDLINE databases for literature published till March 31, 2021. To fully comprehend the role of TIGIT on the prognosis of patients with solid tumors, we conducted a meta-analysis. The expression levels of TIGIT affect the prognosis of patients with solid tumors. T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a recently identified immunosuppressive receptor.